The Early Renaissance

Florence in the Middle Ages

Cimabue (1240-1302

Giotto (1267-1337)

Massccio (1401-28)

Da Vinci Michaelangelo Raphael

Florence: The first phase

1. Masaccio, Tommaso Guidi (1401-28).

2. Ghiberti (1378-1455)

3. Brunelleschi (1377-1466)

4. Donatello (1386-1466)

5. Fra Angelico (1387-1455)

6. Fra Filippo Lippi (1406-69)

7. Uccello (1397-1475)

Fra Angelico

Fra Filippo Lippi (studied Masaccio)

Botticelli

8. Botticelli (1445-1510)

Two styles of humanism

1. Machiavelli (1469-1527)

2. Erasmus (1466-1536)

Music: Dufay (1400-74)

Rome: The High Renaissance

1. Raphael (1483-1525)

2. Michelangelo (1475-1564)

The high renaissance in Venice: The Venetian School

Giovanni Bellini (1435-1515)

Giorgione (1477-1510) Titian (1488-1576)

Paolo Veronese (1528-88) Tintoretto (1518-94)

1. Giorgione (c. 1477-1510)

2. Titian (1488-1576)

3. Tintoretto (1518-1594)

Mannerism

It is an art style aiming at an exaggeration of Renaissance form and a loosening of Renaissance intellectuality. It is also a sign of decadence and decay.

1. Pontormo (1494-1557)

2. Parmigianino (1503-1540), Francesco Mazzzola

Contrasting Renaissance voices

1. Castiglione (1478-1529)

2. Benvenuto Cellini (1500-71)

Renaissance in the North

The Reformation

I. Painting in Germany

1. Durer (1471-1528)

2. Grunewald (1500-28)

3. Altdorfer (1480-1538)

II. Painting in the Netherlands

1. Bosch (1450-1516)

2. Brugel (1525-69)

Art in Eliabethan England

Elizabethan Music

English literature:

1. Shakespeare

2. Thomas More (1478-1535)

3. Christorpher Marloe (1564-93)

The Baroque World: 1600-1725

1. Making dramatic use of light and shade (chiaroscuro)

2. The parts fit well to the whole

3. Opulent oramentation and exaggerated emotions

4. Emphasizing feeling rather than form, emotion rather than intellect

The seventeeth century was a period of relative stability. With the stability came an age with a new artistic style, the baroque, which reflected the characteristics and concerns of its age and acknowledge the presence of middle-class patronage in addition to that of the church and the nobility. Painting appealed to the emotions and to a desire for magnificence through opulent ornamentation, but it also adopted a systematized and rational composition in which ornamentation as unified through variation on a single theme. Color and granddeur were emphasized, as was dramatic use of light and shade.

I. The counterreformation

In Rome, the center of early baroque, papal patronage and the Counter-Reformation spirit brought artists together to make Rome the “most beautiful city of the entire Christian world”.

II. The visual arts in the Baroque period

I. painting in Rome

a. Caravaggio (1569-1609): was probably the most significant of the Roman baroqque painters.

b. the Carracci

c. Caravaggio’s Florence followers

(i) Orazio Gentilschi: (1563-1639)

(ii) Artemisia Gentileschi (1592-1652)

II. Roman Baroque sculpture and architecture:

A. Bernini (1598-1680)

B. Francesco Borromini (1599-1667)

III. Baroque art in Fance

A. George de la Tour (1590-1652)

B. Nicolas Poussin c. 1593-1665)

C. Hyacinthe Rigaud (1659-1743)

IV. Baroque art in Spain

A. El Greco (1541-1614)

B. Diego Velazquez (1599-1660)

V. Baroque art in northern Europe: Flamish painters

A. Paul Rubens (1577-1640)

B. Anthony van Dyck (1599-1641)

C. Frans Hals (c. 1580-1666)

D. Jan Vermeer (1632-1675)

E. Rembrandt van Rijn (1606-1669)

VI. Baroque music

A. J.S. Bach (1685-1750)

B. Georg Frideric Handel (1685-1759)

VII. The visual arts in the 18th century: The Rococo style

1. Rococo art was conceived of as anti-baroque, a contrast to the weighty grandeur of 17th-century art and is described as an inconsequential version of baroque.

2. Some paintings of this style are characterized by fussy detail, complex composition, and a certain superficiality.

3. Rococo art is, essentially, decorative and non-functional--like the declining aristocracy it represented.

4. Its intimate grace, charm, and delicate superficiality reflect the social ideals and manners of the age.

5. Informality replaced formality in life and in painting.

6. Its overwhelming scale and grandeur ere too ponderous.

7. Deeply dramatic action faded into lively effervescence and melodrama.

8. Love, sentiment, pleasure, and sincerity became predominant themes.

9. The refinement of man.

1. Jean Antoine Watteau (1684-1721)

2. Francois Boucher (1703-70)

3. Jean Honore Fragonard (1732-1806)

Neoclassicism: J. L. David (1748-1825)

The Romantic Era

1. Francisco Goya (1746-1828)

2. Eugene Delacroix (1798-1863)

3. J-A-D Ingres (1780-1867)

3. Caspar David Friedrich (1774-1840)

Romantic music

1. Ludwig von Beethoven (1770-1827)

2. Frederic Chopin (1810-49)

3. Franz Liszt (1811-86)

Opera in Italy: Verdi (1813-1901)

Opera in Germany : Wagner (1813-83)

The Modern Era

Realism

1. Honore Daumier (1808-1879)

2. Gustave Courbet (1819-1877)

Impressionism

A. A new perception: sensations

B. Dissatisfied with the conservative public

C. Dissatisfied with the esthetic standards and the classical training given at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts

C. To sketch fleeting impressions and to pursue transcient atmospheric effects

D. To sketch scences of modern life and atmospheric effects on landscape and cityscape

E. Influences from Positivist philosphy: (1) An impression took a form unique to the individual; (2) an impression beloned to the consciousness of the individual hwo experienced it and hence was not an accurate account of the world.

F. It recorded not the landscape but the sensations of the landscape

G. Baudelaire: “The observer is a prince who rejoices everyhere in being incognito.”

H. The speed, flux, and incomprehensibility gave modernity its characteristic form.

I. Watteau=>Monet; Poussin=>Cesanne

J. Against Ingres

1. Claude Monet (1832-83)

2. Renoir (1841-1919)

3. Pissaro

4. Paul Cesanne (1839-1906)

5. Sisley

6. Berthe Morisot (1841-95)

7. Mary Cassatt (1845-1926)

Impressionistic music

1. Claude Debussy (1862-1918)

Post-impressionism

1. Edgar Degas (

2. Georges Seurat (1859-1891)

3. Paul Gauguin (1848-1903)

4. Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890)

Fauvism

1. Henri Matisse (1869-1954)

Expressionism (1905-30)

1. Edvard Munch (1863-1944)

Cubism (1901-12)

Surrealism

1. Giorgio de Chirico

2. Max Ernst

3. Paul Klee

4. Joan Miro

5. Pablo Picasso

6. Salvador Dali (1904-1989)

7. Rene Magritte (1898-1967)

Dadaism

1. Marcel Duchamp (1887-1968)

Futurism

Art after 1945

Abstract expressionism