¡@
¨å«ß ¡þ Åv¤O ¡þ ª¾ÃÑ
¡@
¡@¡@´¿¸g¥Ñ°¶¤jªº¥Û¶ô¬ä¦¨ªº^°ê¤å¾Ç«°³ù, §Y¥ÑÃm¥@µÛ§@
©Ò²Õ¦¨ªº¨å«ß(canon)©Î¤j¶Ç²Î (great tradition)
¤wÂà¤Æ¦¨¶¥¯Å¡BºØ±Ú¡B©Ê§O¦³Ãöªº¥æ·|³õ©Ò(sites of
intersection), ¨ä¥»¨¤£¶È¶ì³y¦¨¬¡¥Í¥Íªº¤å¥»¡A
¤]¥H«D±`½T©wªº¤è¦¡¨Ó¨M©w¤å¥»¤§¾\Ū¡C§Ṳ́]³v
º¥¤F¸Ñ¨äÓ¤¤ªº¶ø¯µ¡C
---·R¼wµØ¡DÂÄ¥ì¼w¡]µù¤@¡^
¡@¡@§Ú»{¬°¨CÓªÀ·|¨¥»¡ (discourse)¤§²£¥Í¬J¨ü±±¨î¡B
²Õ´¡A¤]³Q¬Y¨Çµ{§Ç¦A¤À°t¡A¨ä¥Øªº´N¬OnÂಾÅv¤O
©M¦M¾÷³B²z°¸µo¨Æ¥ó¡B¨Ã²æÂ÷³oºØ¨H«ªº¡A¥O¤HÅå³Y
ªºª«½è©Ê¡C
---³Å¬_¡]µù¤G¡^
¡@
¡@¡@ªñ¦~¨Ó¡A¾Ç³N©Ê´Á¥Z¹³¡mSalmagundi¡n¡A¡m§åµû©u¥Z
¡n¡A¡mC¾|ªk°ê¬ã¨s¡n¡A¡m«n¤j¦è¬v©u¥Z¡n µ¥¯É¯É±´°Q
¡u¨å«ß¡v¤§§Î¦¨¤Î¨ä¦³®Ä©Ê¡C¡]µù¤T¡^¦¹¥~¡A©|¦³³\¦h±M
®Ñ°Q½×¨å«ßªº°ÝÃD¡C¨ä¤¤¡A¤k©Ê¥D¸q³Ì¿E¶i¡A»{¬°¥H¨k©Ê
»ùȬ°¤¤¤ßªº¨å«ß (canon)´xºÞ¡B±±¨î¤H¤å¾Ç¬ì¡A¨Ã¥B¡u
I«q¦o̪º¤å¥»(text)¡v¡C¡]µù¥|¡^
¡@¡@Ãh¼w°Ç(Fiedler)©M¨©§J (Baker)«w»{¬°¶Ç²Îªº¤å¾Ç
¨å«ßÀ³¡u¶}©ñ¡v(open up) ¡A¦]¬°¶Ç²Îªº¨å«ß¥i¯à¹w³]¬Y
ºØ±Ð±ø¦¡ªº¤å¾Ç»ùȩμЬñ¡C¡]µù¤¡^ ¦Ü©ó¶Â¤H¤å¾Ç§å
µû®a»\¦¸ (L. Gates)«h¼ÖÆ[¦a·t¥Ü¥t¤@Ó¨å«ß§Y±N½Ï¥Í
¡]µù¤»¡^¡C¦¹¥~¡A¦b¡u¸ó°ê¸ê¥»¥D¸q®É¥N¤§²Ä¤T¥@¬É¤å¾Ç
¡v¤@¤å¤¤¡A¸â©ú«H«ü¥X¡A±q²Ä¤T¥@¬Éªºª¾ÃѤÀ¤l¹ï¤å¾Ç©Ò
°µªº°^Äm¤¤¡A¥i¥HÅý§Ú̪¾¹D¡A¥L̪º¤å¾Ç»P^¬ü¤å¾Ç¥¿
²Î¤§¨å«ß¬O¡u¤@¼Ëªº°¶¤j¡v¡A¦P®É¡A¸â©ú«H¥ç«ü¥X¡u¤@¨ý
±j½Õ«D¨å«ß (non-canonical)¤å¥»¤§·¥ºÝ®t²§¥BÀq¤£§\Án
ªº¥[¥H©¿²¤¬O²@µL¯q³B¡v(Nothing is gained by passing
over in silence the radical difference of non-
canonical texts)¡]µù¤C¡^¡C¨ä¹ê¡A¸â©ú«Hªº¨£¸Ñ©M
Leslie A Fiedler ©M Houston A. Baker ©Ò½s¡m^°ê¤å
¾Ç¡G¥´¶}¨å«ß¡n¤@®Ñªº¥D±i¬Û¦ü¡A ¥L̬ҸչÏnÅý^»y
¨tŪªÌ¤£n²¨²¤²Ä¤T¥@¬É¤å¾Çªº¦s¦b¡C¡]µù¤K¡^±q¥H¤W¤k
©Ê¥D¸q¡B¸Ñºc¥D¸q©Î°¨§J´µ¥D¸q©Î´Þ¥Á¤å¾Çµ¥§åµû®aªºÆ[
ÂI¤¤¡A§Ṳ́£Ãø¬Ý¥X¡A¶Ç²Îªº¨å«ß¤w¾D¨ì¦U¤èªº½èºÃ©M§å
§P¡C¨º»ò§ÚÌÀ³¦p¦ó´M¨D¦]À³¤§¹D¡A©Î¬O«·s½Õ¾ã§Ú̹ï
¨å«ßªº»{ÃѹE¦¨¥»½g¤å¤§«ÂI¡C
¡@
1. ¦b³oÓ¶¥¯Å¡þ±Ð«ÇùجO§_¦³©Ò¿×¯Âºéªº¡A²z·Qªº¨å«ß
(Is There a Pure, Ideal Canon in This Class)?
¡@¡@¦b¤å¾Ç¬ã¨s¤¤¡A§Ú̦ܤ֥i¥Î¤GºØ¤è¦¡¨Ó¸àÄÀ¨å«ß¡G
¤@¬Oª«½è¥D¸q¡A¤G¬O²z·Q¥D¸q¡C«eªÌªº¸àÄÀ¤è¦¡¤D¬O¨ü¨ì
°¨§J´µ¥D¸qªº¡u¤ä°t¡v·§©À¼vÅT¡A¸Õ¹Ï§â¨å«ß©ñ¦b§ó°ªªº
¾ú¥v¬[ºc¨Ó¬Ý¡A§Y±qªÀ·|¡B¬Fªv¡B¸gÀÙµ¥¦]¯À¥Xµo¡C«á
ªÌ¤D¬O²z·Qªº¡B°ß¤ßªº·Qªk¡A»{¬°¤å¾Ç¤¤ªº¬ü¾Ç»ùȳ̱R
°ª¡A¤@¤Á¬ÒÄÝ¡uÃÀ³N¬°ÃÀ³N¡v(art for art's sake) ¡Cº
¥ýÅý§ÚÌ¥ýÀ˵ø¨â¦ì¸û«O¦uªº§åµû®a¡A§YCharles Altie-
ri ©M Hazard Adams¡C¨ä¦¸¦A¹ï¥L̪º¨å«ßÆ[ÂI´£¥X¸É¥R
»¡©ú¡C
¡@¡@¦b1983¦~ ¡m§åµû©u¥Z¡n ¤¤¡A¥H¡u¤å¾Ç¨å«ß¤§·§©À»P
²z·Q¡v¬°¼ÐÃDªº½×¤å¤¤¡Aªü«ÒC«ß(Charles Altieri)¥Î
¤@ºØ«O¦uªºµùÄÀ¾Ç«H©À (hermeneutical belief) ¨ÓÁn°Q
«áµ²ºc¥D¸qªº¡u§å§P©Ê¤§¤£«H¥ô¡v(critical disbelief)
¡A¨ä¥Dn¥Øªº¤£¥~¬O«¬B´¿¸g¥¢¸¨ªº¥j¨å¤Î²z·Q»ùÈ¡C¥L
«ÅºÙ¡G¡]¤@¡^¹L¥hÀ³³Q²z¸Ñ¬°¤@®y¥Ã¤[ªº»R¥x¡AÀ°§U§^¤H
¶ì³y¡A§PÂ_Ó¤H©MªÀ·|»ùÈ¡F¡]¤G¡^§Ṳ́@¤Áªº§Q¯q¤D¦b
³þ©w¨Ã¨Ï¥Î³o®y»R¥xªº¦UºØªk«h¡A´Á¯àÁקK»P·NÃÑ«¬ºAªº
¨Ï©R±¾¤Ä¡F¡]¤T¡^¤å¾Ç¬ã¨sªº¥Øªº¦b©ó§â¹L¥h¶ì³y¨å«ß¡A
¦P®É±q¤¤ÀÀ¥X¤@®M»ùÈÅé¨t¡A¨Ï¤§¦¨¬°¤@®y°í¤£¥iºRªº³ù
ÂS¡C
¡@¡@¨å«ß¹ïªü«ÒC«ß¬O¤@ºØ¡u«e¤H©Ò¦³³Ð³y¤§ÀxÂéҡC¥¦¬O
¤@ºØ¹ï§^¤H·Qn¦b¬Y¤@¤åÃþ©Î·®æ¤W°µ§ó¶i¤@¨Bµo®i¤§¯à
¤Oªº¬D¾Ô¡v¡]47¡^¡C¨Ì·Ó¥Lªº·N«ä¡A¨å«ß¬O¨ã¦³¹ï·Ó©Ê½è
¡A¦]¬°Ó¤Hªº¡u¤~¨ã¡v¥²¶·²Å¦X¡u¶Ç²Î¡vªººØºØn¨D¡C¦]
¦¹¨å«ß¬OºÊÅ@ªº(curatorial),³W½dªº(normative)¡A¦Ó¤£
¬O±Ð±øªº¡C³z¹L³o¨âºØ¹B§@¡A¨å«ß¥i¥H¡]¤@¡^§êºt¨î©w²z
·Qªº¨¤¦â¡A¡]¤G¡^§@¬°Åv«Âªº¼Ò«¬ (a model of authorites)¡A
§ä¨ì©ñ½Ñ¥|®ü¦Ó¬Ò·Çªº³W«h¡A¡]¤T¡^´N¹³ Loginus©Ò¨¥¹L
¥h©Ò«Ø¥ßªº¨å½d¥i¨Ñ·í¥N¤å¤H¼g§@ªº°Ñ¦Ò§¤¼Ð¡]52¡^¡C
¡m§åµû©u¥Z¡n¥Xª©¨å«ß±M¶°¡]¥ÑRobert von Hallberg
¥D½s¡^«á¤¦~(1988)¡A¨È·í´µ(Hazard Adams)µoªí¡u¨å«ß¡G
¤å¾Ç¼Ð·Ç¡þÅv¤O¼Ð·Ç¡v¡]µù¤E¡^¡A¥ø¹Ï¬°¤å¾Ç¼Ð·Ç§@ÅGÅ@
¡A¨Ã«ü¥X¥¬®Ô´µ(Gerald L. Bruns)¡B¶ø°Ò(Richard
Ohmann)¡B¥v±K´µ(Barbara Herrstein Smith) ¤§¯Ê¥¢¡C
¥L»{¬°¶ø°Ò©Ò¿×ªº¤å¾Ç ¡u¬OÀHªÀ·|©Ò¿ï¾Ü¤§»ùȦӰµ¸g
±`©Êªº§ïÅÜ¡v¤§©RÃD¨Ï±o¥L°í«ù¡u¬ü¾Çªº»ùȨӦ۶¥¯Å½Ä
¬ð¡v¡C¹ï¨È·í´µ¦Ó¨¥¡A³oÓÆ[ÂI©M¥v±K´µ©Ò±j½Õ»ùȪºÅv
©y©Ê (contingency of values)¬O³B©ó¦P¤@°}½u¡A¦Ó¥B¦o
¥u¦Ò¼{¨ìŪªÌ¤§»Ý¨D©M¼¤±æ¡A©¿µø¤å¾Ç§@«~ªº¤º¦b»ùÈ¡C
¦¹¥~¡A¥v±K´µ»{¬°¶W¶V¡B¥ÃùÚ¡B¥Ã¤[¤D¬O¤H¤å¥D¸qªº¤Û·Q
«h³Q¨È·í´µµø¬°¡u¥¼¯à²`¤JÆp¬ã¬ü¾Ç¤§¾ú¥v¶Ç²Î¡v¡]751¡^¡C
ÁöµMªü«ÒC«ß»{¬°¨å«ß¬O¤@ºØ¦Û§ÚÂkÃþªº¼Ð·Ç(a
criterial of forceful self subsumption )¡A§Y¤@®M¦Û
§Ú©w¸qªº¼Ò½d¡A¤@ºØ¨ã¦³¦@³q©Ê½èªº¡B´¶¹M©Êªº¦A²{
(universal representation)©M¤@®M¦æ°Êªº¤O¶q(a power
for action)¡A¥L«o¤´µM©À©À¤£§Ñ·s§åµû¦¡ªº§@ªÌ·N¹Ï
(authorial intention)¦Ó¤£Ä@¥¿µø¤å¾Ç¤¤ªº¬Fªv¡B¤ß²z
¡B¾ú¥vµ¥°ÝÃD¡C¦P¼Ëªº¡AÁöµM¨È·í´µ¤ñªü«ÒC«ß¸û¶}©ñ¡A
´£Ò¤å¾Ç¼Ð·Ç©MÅv¤O¼Ð·Ç¥i¥H¦³¥¿¤Ï¹ï°¸Ãö«Y
(antithetical)¡A¦ý±q¨È·í´µªº»y®ð¤¤¡A§ÚÌ¥i§ä¨ì¤@ºØ
¼vÅTªºµJ¼{(anxiety of influence)¡A¥L²`©È¡u¤å¾Ç»ùÈ
¡v³Q¡uÅv¤O»ùÈ¡v§]¾½©Î¥h¶Õ(castrated)¡C¥L»¡¡G¡un
¬O¡]¤å¾Ç¡^¤£¦A¦³¤å¾Ç¼Ð·Ç³o½X¤l¨Æ¡A¤å¾Ç©|¥i¯à¦s¦b¶Ü
¡H¡v¡]749 ¡^¡C¤@¨¥¥H½ª¤§¡A¡u¤å¾Ç¼Ð·Ç¡v³Ì«n¡A¥L²z
ª½®ð§§ªº¹w¨¥¡AÁ`¦³¤@¤Ñ¡A¡u·í·sªº¬ü¾Ç¥D¸q·|¿³°_¨Ã¨ú
¥N·s¾ú¥v¥D¸q¡A¤j®a¥i§Oı±oÅå³Y¡v¡] 764¡^¡C¨È·í´µ¥Ñ
©ó¤Ó¹L±j½Õ¬ü¾Ç¡A¥HP©ó¥L¦b¦Û¤vªº§åµû¿ï¶°¡m±q¬f©Ô¹Ï
¥H°ªº§åµû²z½×¡n±N¤k©Ê§åµû®a±Æ°£¦b¥~¡C
¡@
2. ¶i¤J¤O¶qªººÏ³õ (Entering into a Field of Forces)
¡@¡@¨å«ß±N·N¸q¡B»ùÈ¡B²Å¸¹¦P½è¤Æ¡A¦p¦¹¤@¨Ó¡A¨å«ß§Y¥i
³Q±a¨ì¬YºØ¥Øªº½×¢w¢w¥DÅ骺¶ì³y¡C
¡@¡@©Ò¿×¡u¨å«ß¡v(canon) ªº·N«ä´N¬O¡u¤Ø«×¡v(rules)
¡C®Ú¾Ú¤û¬z^¤å¦r¨å(OED)ªº¸ÑÄÀ¡A¡u¨å«ß¡v¦³¤·N¸q¡G(
1)«ü¡u¤Ø«×¡v¡Bªk«ß©Î±Ð°óªºªk¥O(decree)¡F(2)ªk¬z¡B·Ç
÷¡B¶@®Ñ (edict)¡F(3)¤@¯ë©Êªºªk«h¡B«¬¦¡¡Bªk¨å¡F(4)
°ò·þ±Ð·|©Ò»{¥iªº¸t®Ñ½g³¹¿ï¶°¡A(5)¨Ï®{¸g®Ñ(a canon-
ical epistle ) ¡CÁ`¬A¨Ó»¡¡A¡u¨å«ß¡v«ü¤@ºØ´¶¹M©Êªº
³W«h¡A¥i¨Ñ«á¤H·í¦æ¬°¡B¹D¼w¡B«H¥õ¡B¥DÅé«Ø¥ß¤§·Ç«h¡C
¡@¡@±q¤å¾Ç¡Bõ¾Ç¡B«ä·Q¥vªº¨¤«×¨Ó¬Ý¡A¡u¾ú¥v¡v(Hist-
ory)¬Oµø¬°¤@Ó½u©Êªº¡B³æ¤@ªº¡B´¶¹M©Êªº¡Bµ´¹ïªº¡B²@
µL·v²«ªº¾ú¥v(seamless history)¡C¡u¨å«ß¡vªº¦s¦b«h³Q
µø¬°¬O¤Ñ¸g¦a¸q¡A¨ã¦³µL¤WªºÅv«Â¤Î±R°ªªº»ùÈ¡C¥ô¦ó¤H
¬ÒµLªk§ó°Ê¡u¨å«ß¡v¤§²Õ¦¨¤À¤l¡A¦]¬°¥¦¨ã¦³°ª«×ªº¿ï¾Ü
©Ê (selectivity) ¡A¬O¥Ñ³Ì¦nªº¤å¾Ç®a¡Aõ¾Ç®a¡A¬Fªv
®a¡B¾ú¥v¾Ç®aµ¥³Ì¨ã¥Nªíªº¨¥½×ºë¿ï¦Ó¦¨¡C¨ä¬y¶Ç¤U¨Óªº
§@«~«hªÓt¬YºØ¾ú¥vªº«¥ô¡A¤]´N¬O»¡¡An±Ð¨|¥Á²³¡A¨Ï
¤H¦¨¬°¨ã¦³¹D¼w¡B¦³±Ð¤Æªº¥DÅé¡C²³æªº»¡¡A¶Ç²Îªº¨å«ß
·§©À¡A´£¨Ñ¬YºØÅv«Âªº·Ç«h¨ÃÅý³oºØ·Ç«h±o¥H±Ð¨|¡B¶ì³y
¤Hªº¥DÅé©Ê¡C³oºØ·Ç«h´N¬Oªü¹Ï¶ë(Althusser)©Ò¿×ªº·N
ÃÑ«¬ºA¡Cªü¹Ï¶ë»{¬°·NÃÑ«¬ºA¦b«P¦¨¡u¥DÅé¤Æ¡v
(subjectification)ªº¹Lµ{¬O§êºtµÛ·¥«nªº¹Lµ{¡A¦]¬°
¤@¤Áªº·NÃѧκA¬Ò³q¹L¥DÅé½dÃ¥ªº§@¥Î¡A§â¨ãÅ骺ӤH³ê
¦¨©Î«Øºc¦¨¨ãÅ骺¥DÅé¡C¡]µù¤Q¡^²¨¥¤§¡A¤£¦Pªº·NÃÑ«¬
ºA¤£¦ý¥i¥H¶ì³y¡A¦Ó¥B¥i¥H¨î¬ù(condition)¡A±±¨î
(control)¤Hªº¦æ¬°¤Î«ä¦Ò¼Ò¦¡¡C
¡@¡@¥Ñ¬OÆ[¤§¡Aª¾ÃÑ»P¨å«ß¦³Ãö¡A¦Óª¾ÃѪº¶Ç»¼§ó»P¾Ç°|
¦³Ãö¡C§@¬°·NÃÑ«¬ºA°ê®a¾÷¾¹¤§¤@Àôªº¾Ç®Õ¾átµÛª¾ÃÑ»P
Ó¤H¤§¶¡ªº¤¤¤¶¨¤¦â¡A¥¿¦p±Ð·|¬O¤W«Ò¦®·N©M±Ð®{¤§¶¡ªº
¾ô¼Ù¡C¾Ç°|ªº±Ð±Â´N¬O¯u²zªº¥N¨¥¤H¡A¥LÌÁnºÙ¥L̤~¬O
ª¾ÃÑ»â°ì¤¤¯u¥¿ªº¡B¡u¦³°õ·Óªº¡v¡A¶Ç¹D¡B±Â·~¡B¸Ñ´bªÌ
¡C¦¹¥~¡A¥ḺN¡u»ùȵû¦ô©M¦³®Äªº§PÂ_¡v¥[¶D©óª¾ÃѤÀ
¤l¡A§Æ±æ³o¨Ç¡u«á¨ÓªÌ¡v(late-comers)¯àÅܦ¨¡u¥L̪º¤@
û¡v(one of them )--ªÀ·|ªº¤¤¬y¨¤¦â¡C¡]µù¤Q¤@¡^¦P¼Ë
ªº¡AÅv¤O¬O¦UºØ¤O¶q(forces)ªº²Õ¦X¡A¯à¶ì³yª¾ÃÑ¡A¨Ïª¾
ÃѲŦX¡u¨å«ß¡v¤§¥Øªº¤Î¥\¯à¡C
¡@¡@¨Ì·Óªk°êªº¾ÇªÌ³Å¬_ªº»¡ªk¡A¥un§Ú̲`¤J±´¨sªÀ·|
ªº²{¦sÅé¨î®É¡AÅv¤O¡B¼¤±æªº·N¸q´N·|©I¤§±ý¥X¡C¡]µù¤Q
¤G¡^¥L»{¬°¦b§Ú̪º¾Ç³NÅé¨î¤¤¡A±Æ¥L«ß(rules of exclusion)
ªí²{¦b¤T¤è±¡G¡]¤@¡^¸T¤î(prohibition )¬O¤@ºØÅv¤Oªº
¹B§@¡A§@¬°®øµªº¤â¬q¡C¹ï¦V¨Ó¤j®a©Ò¨u¨¥ªº©Ê»P¬Fªv
(politics)¡A§ÚÌ¥u¬OªÅ¦³²z½×¦ÓµL¹ê»Ú¡C¡]¤G¡^¤G¤Àªk
(dichotomization )ªº«äºû¼Ò¦¡¤@ª½¹³°»î¯ëªº½L¾Ú§ÚÌ
ªº¤ßÆF¡C¡uµ½¡v´N¬O¦n¡A¡u´c¡v´N¬O¡uÃa¡v¡C§Ú̪º±Ð¨|
¨î«×´N¬On¥H¦¹¼Ð·Ç§@¬°§Ú̦欰ªº«H±ø¡C¦b²{¥N¥D¸q®É
´Á¡A§åµû®a¹³Adorno, Eliot µ¥¤H©Ò¼Ðº]¡u°ª¯Å¡v¤å¤Æ¡A
§_©w¡u¤j²³¡v¤å¤Æ¡A©Î¬OªÀ·|n§ÚÌ´£¥X²z©Ê (reason)
¡þºÆ¨g(Folly)ªº¤À§O´N¬O³oºØ«äºû¤è¦¡¡C¨Æ¹ê¤W³oºØ¡u
¤G¤Àªk¡v¨ã¦³¬Û·í¿E¶iªº¡u±Æ¥L©Ê¡v¡C¡]¤T¡^¹L¤À±j½Õ
¡u¯u²z·N§Ó¡v(will to truth) ¨Ï±o§Ú̱ÆÀ½²§¤w (the
other)¤§»¡¡A¦p¤HÃþ¾Ç¡B¤ß²z¾Ç¡B¬Fªv¾Ç¡BªÀ·|¾Çµ¥¨¥»¡
¡C¥H¤W¤DÄÝ¥~¦bªº¡u±Æ¥L«ß¡v¡C¦¹¥~¡A¥t¦³¨t¦C©Êªº¡A¤º
¦bªº³W«h±±¨îµÛª¾ÃѪº¤ÀÃþ¡B¦w±Æ»P¶Ç¼½(distribution)¡G
¡]¤@¡^µû½× (commentary)¡Cµû½×¬O¥Ñì©lªº¤å¥»(primary
text)¥H¤@ºØº¥¶iªº(gradational)¡BÅ޿誺(logical)¤è
¦¡¶i¦æ¡A¦Ó§@ªÌ (author)§êºt²Î¤@ªº¨¤¦â¡C¨ä¥Øªº¦bÀË
Åç§åµû®a¬O§_²Å¦X§@ªÌì¨Ó·N¹Ïªº«ü¼Ð(index)¡C¡]¤G¡^
¾Ç°|ªº©Ò¦³°V½m (disciplines)¶·¥H¾Ç°|ªº¹CÀ¸³W«h¨Ó¬É
©w¡A¦p¦¹¤~¯àÀòP©Ò¿×¡u«ÈÆ[ªº¦³®Ä©Ê¡v(objective
validity)¡C±q¤W±ªºÆ[ÂI¨Ó¬Ý¡AAltieri ©MAdamsµ¥¤H©Ò
´£¥Xªº²z·Q¡u¨å«ß¡v¤D¬O¥iºÃªº¡C
¡@
3¡Dª¾ÃѬO¥i¨£©Ê»P¥i³¯z©Êªººî¦X
¡@¡@ ª¾ÃѬO¥i¨£©Ê¡]the visible¡^©M¥i³¯z©Ê¡]the
articulable¡^ªººî¦X²£¥Íªº¡C¡]µù¤Q¤T¡^¥i¨£©Ê¬O«ü¥i±µ
¨üªº§Î¦¡¡A¥i³¯z©Ê«ü¥i¨¥»¡ªº¡A¦p¡u©Ê¡vªº·§©À¡Cª¾ÃѬO
ÄÝ©ó¾ú¥v©Ê¡AÄÝ©ó¨CӮɥNªº¡Cª¾ÃѨ䣵¥¦P©ó°ß¤ßªº¡B§Î
¦Ó¤Wªº¡B»ùȩʪºª¾ÃѽסA¦ÓÄݹêÃÒ©Ê¡]positivities¡^¡B
¸gÅç©Ê¡]empiricities¡^¡Cª¾ÃѤD¬O¤@ºØ¨¥»¡ªº¹ê½î¡AŪªÌ
¦b·N¸qªº¶}±Ä¹Lµ{¥²¶·«õ±¸¡B¶}Äq¡B¥YÅã¾ú¥vÄq¼h¡]
strata¡^¤¤©ÒÁôÂ꺳¡¥÷¡A¨Ã¥H¦³¯´§Çªº³W«h±N¦¹»¡§e²{
¥X¨Ó¡A©Ò¥HºÙ¤§¬°¹êÃҩʪº¡B¸gÅ窺¡C¦pªG¦³©Ò¿×ªº¥ýÅç
¦s¦b¡A¾ú¥v´N¬O¥ýÅç¡A§Y³Å¬_©Ò¿×ªº¾ú¥vªº¥ýÅç¡]histo-
rical a priori¡^¡C¤Hªº¦s¦b¬O®i²{¦b®É¶¡¤§¤¤¡A¥B¾ú¥v
¤D¬O®É¶¡ªº°O¿ý¡CµM¦Ó§Ṳ́£¸Tn°Ý¡G§Ú̦p¦ó¶}±Äª¾ÃÑ
¡H³z¹L¦Ò¥j¾Ç¡]archaeology¡^©M¨tÃоǡ]genealogy¡^¡C
¡mª¾ÃѦҥj¾Ç¡nªº¥Øªº´N¬OnÂç²M¨¥»¡¡]discourse
¡^¦p¦ó¹ê½î¥X¨Ó¡C¦Ó¥B§ó¶i¤@¨Bªº³z¹L¨¥»¡¹ê½î¥h´¦¥Üª¾
ÃÑ«¬¡]episteme¡^¥X²{ªº±ø¥ó¡C¦]¬°¨¥»¡¤ÀªRªº°ò¦¦b©ó
³¯z¡]statement¡^ªº±´°Q¡A©Ò¥H³Å¬_¥ý¤¶©w³¯z¡G³¯z
´M¨D¥~¦bªºÃö«Y¡A»P¸gÀÙ¡B¬Fªv¡BªÀ·|¡B¤å¤Æµ²ºc¦³Ãö¡C
¦¹¥~¡A³¯z¤]»P¾ú¥v¡B®É¶¡¤Æ(temporalization¦³Ãö
¡]³¯z©Úµ´²Î¦X¾ú¥vÆ[¡^¡C
ª¾ÃÑ»P¡u¥ú¡v©M¡u»y¨¥¡v¦³Ãö¡C¦b¡m¬ö«ß»P³B»@¡GºÊ
º»ªº½Ï¥Í¡n¤¤¡A³Å¬_ªº«ÂI¬OÂ\¦bºÊ¨Æ¥}¥Çªº¶ê«¬ºÊº»¾÷
¨î¡]panoptism¡^¡A¦]¦¹¡A¥¦»P¡u¥ú¡v¡B¡u¥i¨£©Ê¡v¦³Ãö
¡F§ÚÌ¥i³z¹L³oºØ¡u¥i¨£©Ê¡v¥h´yøºÊº»¡A©Î¨î«×µ¥¡C¦Ü
©ó»y¨¥«hªí¹F¤F¬YºØ¡u¥i³¯z©Ê¡v¡C·íª¾ÃѳQ§Ú̶}µo¦Ü
¯à¨£¤§µ{«×¡A¥B¥i¥Î»y¨¥ªí¹F®É¡A§Ú̺٤§¬°ª¾ÃÑ¡C¤Z¬O
n¦¨¬°¥i¨£©Êªº©M¥i³¯z©Êªº¡A¥²¶·³q¹L¬YÓ¾ú¥vÄq¼hªº
ªùÂe¡]threshold¡^©Î«e®x¡]vestibule¡^¤~¯à¦¨¬°ª¾ÃÑ¡C
¡]´«¥y¸Ü»¡¡A¥i¨£©Êªº©M¥i³¯z©Êªº¤£¬O¤£ÃÒ¦Û©úªº¡C¡^
³oºØª¾ÃѪº§Îµ{¬O¤@ºØ¹ê½îªº»E¶°¡]practical
assemblage¡^¡A¤@ºØ¥i³¯z©Êªº©M¥i¨£©Êªººt¥X¡C¥¿¦p¼w
°Ç¯÷©Ò¨¥¡G¡uª¾ÃѬO¦UºØ¾ú¥vÄq¼hªº²Î¤@¡A´²§G¦b¤£¦Pªº
ªùÂe¤¤¡v¡C
ª¾ÃѪº¥i¨£©Ê¤£¬O§¹¥þªº¡B¦Û©úªº¡A¤]«D¥ß§Y¥X²{ªº
¡Cª¾ÃѤ£¯A¤Î¥DÅé¡A¥¦¤£¹³²{¶H¾Çªº·N¸q²z½×¤@¼Ë«Ø¥ß¦b
¥DÅé»P«ÈÅ餧¶¡ªº·N¦V©Ê¦æ¬°¡]intentional act¡^¡A¦Ó
¦b¤@³s¦êªº¨¥»¡¹ê½î¤¤´M±o¡C
§Ú̪¾¹Dª¾ÃѤ§³¯z¶·¥Ñ¨¥»¡ªí¹F¡A¦Ó¥H¨¥»¡ªí¹F¤§
«e¡A§ÚÌ¥ý°Q½×³¯z¡C
³Å¬_ºÙ³¯z¬°¾A¦X©ó¸Ó²Å¸¹ªº¦s¦b¼Ò¦¡¡G¤@ºØ¯àÅý³¯
zÅܦ¨¤£¶È¬O¦³¤@¨t¦CªºÂܸñ¡C²¨¥¤§¡A³¯z¤£¬O»yªk¡]
syntagma¡^¡A¡u¤]¤£¬O«Øºc³W«h¡A§ó¤£¬O¦³³sÄò©Ê©MÂàÅÜ
ªº¨å«ß«¬¦¡¡v¡C¦P®É¡A³¯z¤]¤£¹w³]²Î¤@©Ê¡C
ª¾ÃѬO¥Ñ¦UºØ¾Ç¬ì©Ò²Õ¦¨¡A¦]¦¹ª¾ÃѨ㦳¦h¤¸©Êªº¯S
½è¡C¦P¼Ëªº¡A¨å«ß¤£¬O³æ¤@ªº¡A¦Ó¬O¡uºØ±Ú¡B©Ê§O¡B¶¥¯Å
¥æ·|ªº³õ©Ò¡C¡vª¾ÃѤ£¬O°ß¤@¡F¨å«ß¤]¤£¥u¦³¤@Ó¡C¶Ç²Î
ªº¨å«ß¨ã¦³§Î¤W¾Çªº¯S½è¡A¦]¦¹¡A¶Ç²Îªº¨å«ß¶·n¶}©ñ¥X
¨Ó¡C
¾ú¨Ó¡A«ä·Q¥v¡]history of ldeas¡^±Ð¾É§Ú̾ú¥v¬O
²Î¤@ªº¡B´¶¹Mªº¢w¦³¶}©l¡B¦³¤¤¸y¡B¦³µ²§ô¡C¬Û¤Ïªº¡A³Å
¬_ªº¦Ò¥j¾Ç¨Ã«D¥ø¹Ï«Ø¥ß¤@®M¡u»ùȪº¶¥¯Å¡v¡]hierarchy
of values¡^¡A¤]¤£¬On«Ø¥ß¡u¦@³qªº§Î¦¡©Î¥DÃD¡v¡C
¦Ò¥j¾Ç¥Øªº¦b«Ø¥ß³¯zªº³W«h©Ê¡]regularity of statement
¡^¡]144¡^¡A´yz¤£¦Pªº®t²§ªÅ¶¡¡]different spaces
of dissension¡^¡]152¡^¡C³oºØ¤ÀªR¤D¬O±N¨¥»¡ªº§Î¦¨¡]
discursives formation¡^Ó¤H¤Æ¡F¥¦ªº»â°ì¤£¬O¤@ºØ¬ì
¾Ç¡B¤@ºØ²z©Ê¡B¦Ó¬O¦UºØ¹êÃҩʪº¥æ·|¡]tangle of inf-
erpositivifies¡^¡C©Ò¥H¦Ò¥j¾Ç¬O¤@ºØ¡u¤ñ¸û©Êªº¤ÀªR¡v
¡G
¦Ò¥j¾Ç¬O¤@ºØ¤ñ¸û¤ÀªR¡A¨ä¥Øªº¤£¬On§â¨¥»¡ªº
¦h¤¸©Ê¥[¥H¤Æ¬ù¡A§â¥i¥H±N¨¥»¡¾ãÅé¤Æªº²Î¤@©Ê
´yø¥X¨Ó¡A¦Ó¬O¥ø¹Ï±N¨¥»¡ªº¦h¤¸©Ê¤À¦¨¤£¦Pªº
¹Ïªí¡C¦Ò¥j¾Ç¤ñ¸û¨Ã«D¬O²Î¤@ªº¡A¦³ªº¥u¬O¦UºØ
¤£¦Pªº®ÄªG¡C¡]µù¤Q¥|¡^
¦Ò¥j¾Çªº¤èªk¤£¶È¥i¹B¥Î©ó¨¥»¡ªº§Î¦¨¡A¤]¥i¥Î¨ä¥L«D¨¥
»¡©Êªº»â°ì¡A¦p¬Fªv¨Æ¥ó¡B¸gÀÙ¡A©Î¨ä¥L¨î«×¤W¡C
±q¥H¤Wªº¤ÀªR¡Aª¾ÃѬO¥i¨£©Ê©M¥i³¯z©Êªººî¦X¡A¥¦
¬O¡G(¤@)¥H¨¥»¡¹ê½îªº¤è¦¡©Ò§Î¦¨ªº¤@¨t¦C³¯z¡F(¤G)¥¦
¬O¨CÓ¥DÅé±Ä¨ú¤@ºØ¥ß³õ¨Ó¤ÀªR¨Æª«©Ò¹ê½î¥X¨ÓªºªÅ¶¡¡F
(¤T)¥¦¬OÆ[©À¥X²{©M³Q©w¸qªº³õ©Ò¡Cª¾ÃѼv®g¡u³W«h¡v¡B
¡u³W«ß©Ê¡v¡Fª¾ÃѬO¨¥»¡¤ÀªR¤¤Æ[¹î¡B½èºÃ¤Î¸Ñ½X®É¥\¯à
ªºÁ`©M¡A§Y¥i¨£©Ê©M¥i³¯z©Êªººî¦X¡C
¡@
4¡DÅv¤O
¦b¨¥»¡¤ÀªR¤¤¡A§Ú̵o²{³¯z¡]statements¡^ªº§Î¦¡
¥i«²Õ¦¨¦³«ùÄò©Êªº¡B¬Û¦ü©Ê¥DÃD¡AÁöµM³o¨Ç¥DÃD¬O´²¼½
¦b®É¶¡¤§¤¤¡]dispersed in time¡^¡C³o¨Ç³¯z¨Ã¥¼ªí¹F
§¹¥þ¡A¥¦Ìªºªí¹F§Î¦¡¡]forms of expression¡^©M¥i¨£
©Ê§¡¥¼¥R¤À³Q¹üÅã¥X¨Ó¡C¥¦Ì¬O¤ùÂ_ªº¡B¤£§¹¾ãªº¡F¥¦Ì
¨ã¦³³¯zªºµ}ÄÀ©Ê¡]rarity¡^¡A¦]¦¹¥i¥H»s³y§ó¦hªº·N¸q
¡A§ó¦hªº¸àÄÀ¡A¦Ó¥B§ÚÌ¥i¥H±q¤å¥»¤¤¤Þ¥X¡]elicit¡^Åv
¤Oªº°ÝÃD©Î¬YºØ¬Fªv½Ä¬ð¡C ¦b´M¨D³¯zªºµ}ÄÀ©Ê¤§³W«ß
®É¡A§Ú̪º¥Øªº´N¬OÀËÅ糯z³Qµ}ÄÀ¤Æªº±ø¥ó¤Î¨ä¥i¯à©Ê
¡C§ÚÌ·|°Ý¡G½Ö¦b»¡¸Ü¡HÅv¤O±q¦óºØ³õ©Ò³y¦¨¼vÅT¡H²¨¥
¤§¡An§ä¨ì´x±±¨î«×¡]institution¡^¤Î¨¥»¡¡]discourse
¡^I«áªºµo¨¥¤H¡C¨Ò¦p¡A§Ú̦b¾\Ū¸uã¡]Thomas Pync-
hon¡^ªº¤p»¡¡m¤Þ¤O¤§i¡n¡]Gravity's Rainbow¡^¡A§ÚÌ
¥i¥Hµo²{ Dr. Pointsman ©~®Ö¤ß¦a¦ì¡AºÊ±±¥v¬¥´µ¬¥´¶¡]
T. Slothrop¡^ªº©Ê·R¤Î¤@¤Á¦æ¬°¡C¤]´N¬O»¡¡AŪªÌ¥²¶·§ä
¨ì¤p»¡¤¤Åv¤OªºÃö«Y¤§«á¡A¡m¤Þ¤O¤§i¡nªººØºØ°ÝÃD´N¥i
ªï¤b¦Ó¸Ñ¡C
¨º»ò¡A¦ó¿×¡uÅv¤O¡v©O¡H¦b¡u¥DÅé»PÅv¤O¡v¤@¤å¤¤¡A
³Å¬_»{¬°Åv¤O¬O¤@ºØ¤O¶qªºÃö«Y¡A©Î§óºë½Tªº»¡¡A¤O¶q»P
¤O¶q¤§¶¡ªº¤¬°Ê©Ê´N¬O¤@ºØÅv¤OÃö«Y¡C
¡uÅv¤OÃö«Y¡v¥²¶·»P¡u¤Ï§Ü§Î¦¡¡v¡]forms of
resistence¡^¬Û¹ï·Ó¡A¦p¦¹¡A¡uÅv¤OÃö«Y¡vªº·N¸q´N·|§ó
²M´·¡A¬°¤F«K©ó¸ÑÄÀ¦¹¤@·§©À¡A§ÚÌ¥i¥Î¼w°Ç¯÷©M¥Ê¹F¨½
¡]Deleuze and Guattari¡^ªº¡m¤Ï¥ì}©¬´µ¡n¡]Anfi-Oe-
dipus¡^¤@®Ñªº¥ì}©¬´µ¡]Oedipus¡^·§©À¬°¨Ò¤l¡C
¼w°Ç¯÷©M¥Ê¹F¨½¦b¤@¤E¤K¥|¦~¦@¦P¦X§@¡A¼g¦¨¡m¤Ï¦ò
}©¬´µ¡n¤@®Ñ¡A¡]µù¤Q¤¡^¥Dn¥Øªº¦b§å§P¦ò¬¥¥ì¼w¤Î©Ô±d
¾Ç¬£ªººë¯«¤ÀªR¡C¼w°Ç¯÷©M¥Ê¹F¨½ªº°µªk¬O±N¸ê¥»¥D¸qªÀ·|
µø¬°¥ì}©¬´µ¡A¨äÅv¤O¹B§@ºÙ¤§¬°¥ì}©¬´µ¤Æ¡]Oedipalization
¡^¡C¥ì}©¬´µ¦³¤T¥\¥Î¡G(¤@)¡u´¶¹M©Êªº¡B½T©w©Êªº¡v¥\¥Î
¡F(¤G)¡u¨î©Êªº¡B±Æ¥L©Êªº¡v¥\¥Î¡F(¤T)¡u¹jÂ÷ªº¡B¤G
Ó³æ¤@ªº¡v¥\¥Î¡C¦b¥ì}©¬´µ¤ÆªºªÀ·|¡A¨CÓ¤Hªº©Ê§O
¬Ò¤w©T©w¡A¤£¬O¨kªº¡B´N¬O¤kªº¡F¦P®É¡A¨¤¦â¥ç³Q½T©w
¡G¤÷¿Ë¡]¤W«Ò¡^§êºt¤÷¿Ëªº¨¤¦â¡A¥À¿Ë§êºt¥À¿Ëªº¨¤¦â¡A
¨à¤l§êºt¨à¤lªº¨¤¦â¡C´«¥y¸Ü»¡¡A¨CÓ¤H©Ò§êºtªº¨¤¦â¡B
©Ê§O¤£³\³Q¹°¶V¡]transgression¡^¢w¨CÓ¤H³Q½á¤©¬YºØ
¡u©T©wªº¡v¡B¡u½T©wªº¡vÄÝ©Ê¡A¨Ã¨Ì¨ä»ùÈ¥h¹ê½î¨ä¦æ¬°
¡CY¦³¼ç¶V¤§¶û¡A¤H§Y³Q¡u¨î¡v¡B¡u±Æ°£¡v¡B¡u¹jÂ÷¡v
¡C¬Û¤Ïªº¡Aºë¯«¤Àµõ¤ÀªR¡]schizoanalysis¡^±j½Õ¦h¤¸¤Æ
¡]multiplicity¡^¡A¤£¤z¹w¨¤¦â¤¬´«¡B©Ê§O®t²§©Î¥YÅãºØ
±Úªº¯Âºé©Ê¡C¨CÓ¤H³£¬O¼¤±æ¾÷¾¹¡]desiring machine¡^
¡A¥i¥HÀH¼¤±æ¤§¬y»P§Oªº¾÷¾¹·¾³q©Î¤ÁÂ_¡Cºë¯«¤Àµõ¤ÀªR
±j½Õ¡u³¡¥÷ª«Åé¡v¡]partial object¡^ªº«n©Ê¡A¦]¬°¤H
ªº¼¤±æ¤£¬O¾ãÅ骺¡B³æ¤@ªº¡CÁ`¤§¡Aºë¯«¤Àµõ¤ÀªR¤£±N¤H
ªº©w¸q¦P½è¤Æ¡A¥¦¤¹³\¡u¦h¤¸©Ê¡v¡B¡u¦hµ©Ê¡v¡]
polyvocality¡^¡C
±q¤Wz¤ÀªR¡A§Ú̪¾¹D¡uºë¯«¤Àµõ¤ÀªR¡v¬O¤@ºØ¤Ï¹ï
¤ß²z¤ÀªRªº¤O¶q¡A¥¦§â¥H®a®x¬°¤¤¤ßªº¥ì}©¬´µ¤Æ±À®i¨ì
¥HªÀ·|¡B¬Fªv¡B¤å¤Æµ¥¼h±¨Ó¬Ý¤ß²z¤ÀªR¡C¥¿¦p³Å¬_©Ò¨¥
¡G¡u¤@¥¹¦³Åv¤OÃö«Y®É¡A´N¦³¤Ï§Üªº¦UºØ¥i¯à©Ê¥X²{¡C§Ú
̤£¯à±¼¶iÅv¤Oªº³´¨À¤§¤¤¡G§ÚÌÁ`n¹ï¬Y¨Ç½T©wµ¦²¤©Î
½T©w±¡ªp°µ¥X×¥¿ªº®³®º¤Ø«×¡C¡v´«¥y»¡»¡¡A¡u¤Ï§Üªº§Î
¦¡¡v¬O«ü¡u¤ÏÁõÄݤơv¡]deterritorialization¡^¡A§Y°kÂ÷
¥Øªº½×ªº¦ºJ¦P¡A¥H´M¨D¦Û¥ÑªºªÅ¶¡¡C
³Å¬_¦b¡u¥DÅé»PÅv¤O¡v¤@¤å¤¤¡A§â«ÂIÂ\¦b¡u¥DÅé¡v
¦Ó¤£¬O¡uÅv¤O¡v¤W¡A»{¬°¥Í²£ªºÃö«Y©M·N¸q¡]
signification¡^¤DÄÝ©ó¸gÀÙ©M»y¨¥¾Ç¡þ°O¸¹¾Çªº½dÃ¥¡C
¥Í²£Ãö«Y©M·N¸q¥i¥Î»y¨¥¨Óªí¹F¡A¦ýÅv¤O¨Ã¤£´£¨Ñ¯S§Oªº
ªí¹F§Î¦¡¡]form of expression¡^¡A¥¦¶·É¥Î°ê®a¡B¾Ç®Õ
¡B¨î«×µ¥§Î¦¡¥X²{¡A¦]¬°Åv¤OÃø¥H«ÈÆ[¤Æ¡]objectify¡^
¡B¨ãÅé¤Æ¡C
ªü¹Ï¶ë¡]Althusser¡^»{¬°°ê®a¡B¾Ç®Õ¡B¬Fªv¡Bªk«ß
¤DÄݤW¼hµ²ºc¡C³Ò°Ê¡B¥Í²£¼Ò¦¡¤D¬O¤U¼hµ²ºc¡C®Ú¾Ú¸â©ú
«H¡]Fedric Jameson¡^¦b¡m¬Fªv¼ç·NÃÑ¡nªº»¡ªk¡A·NÃÑ«¬
ºA¦³¤TºØ®ÄÀ³¡G¾÷±ñ¦¡¡]machanical¡^¡Bªí¹F¦¡¡]
expressive¡^©Mµ²ºc¦¡¡]structural¡^µ¥¦]ªG®ÄÀ³¡C¡]µù¤Q¤»¡^
¸â©ú«H«ü¥X¤å¾Ç»PªÀ·|¬O¨ã¦³¤¬°ÊÃö«Y¡C¤W¼hµ²ºc¡]¤å¤Æ¡Bªk
«ß¡B¨î«×¡B·NÃÑ«¬ºAµ¥¡^©M¤U¼hµ²ºc¡]¥Í²£¤è¦¡¢w¥]¬A¥Í
²£¤O¡B¥Í²£Ãö«Y¡B¤H»ÚÃö«Y¡B¤H¤O²Õ´¡^¬O¤¬¬Û¼vÅT¡A¦Ó
¥B¾ú¥v¤£¬O«ü¬Y¤@Ó¯S§Oªº¤å¥»¡A§Y¤j±Ôz¡]grand
narrative¡^¡C¬Û¤Ïªº¡A¾ú¥v¬O«ü¦UºØ»ùÈ©Ò¾ã²z¥X¨Óªº
±Ôz¡]narratives¡^¡C¥¦¤£¥u¬O¤å¥»ªº°ÝÃD¡A¬O®Ñ¼gªº°Ý
ÃD¡A§Y¬Fªv¼ç·NÃѪº±Ôz°ÝÃD¡C¤å¾Ç¬ã¨s´N¬On¬ã¨s¨ä¤¤
Åv¤OªºÃö«Y¤Î¨ä¹B§@¡C
5¡D¹Ï®ÑÀ]§Y¡u¨å«ß¡v
±q¨¥»¡ªº¹ê½î¨Ó°l·¹¨å«ßªºµo®i¡A§Ú̱oª¾¡A¨å«ßªº
·§©À¬Oª«½è¥D¸q¦¡ªº¡]materialistic¡^¡A¥¦¬OÀHªÀ·|¡B
¬Fªv¡B¸gÀÙ¡B»y¨¥µ¥¦]¯À¦Ó§ïÅÜ¡C´«¥y¸Ü»¡¡A¨å«ßÀH¾ú¥v
®ÉªÅªºÅܤƦӦ³©Ò§ó°Ê¡C¦pªG»¡¨å«ß¬O°ß¤@ªº¡A¨ã¦³´¶¹M
©Êªº¡A¬ü¾Çªº»ùÈ¡A¨º¬O¤@´[±¡Ä@ªº»¡ªk¡C¨å«ßªº¦s¦b¦³
¨ä¾ú¥v©Ê¡A¥¦¬O¨Ì¦UӮɥN©Ò´x´¤ªºÃÒ¾Ú¨Ó§e²{¨ä±¥Ø¡C
¨º»ò¡A¨å«ß¦p¦ó¬É©w¡H¨Ì³Å¬_ªº«Øij¡A¨å«ß¬O¦s¦b¾ú¥vªº
Àɮס]archive¡^¡A§Y¦s©ó¹Ï®ÑÀ]¡C
¤µ¤é¡A»y¨¥ªºªÅ¶¡¤£¬O¥Ñ×Ãã¾Ç¡]Rhetoric¡^¡A
¦Ó¬O¥Ñ¹Ï®ÑÀ]¡]Library¡^©Ò¬É©w¡G¬O¥Ñ¤ùÂ_©Ê
ªº»y¨¥©Ò¥]¬AªºµL©Ê¨Ó©w¸q¡C¥¦¨ú¥N×Ãã¾Çªº
Âù«¬ù§ô¡A§Y¥»¨¨ººØ²©öªº¡B³sÄòªº¡B³æ½Õªº
»y¨¥Âܸñ¡A¤@ºØ¤w³Qµù©w¬°¥ÃµL¥ð¤îªº»y¨¥¡A¦]
¬°×Ãã¾ÇµLªk´£¨Ñ»y¨¥¥»¨ªºµL©Ê¡C¡]µù¤Q¤C¡^
×Ãã¾Ç¬O«ü¥j¨åªº¤å¾Ç§Î¦¡¡A¨ã¦³¤GºØ»y¨¥ªºªí¹F§Î¦¡¡G
µ´¹ïªº¡]absolute¡^©Mª§ÅG©Êªº¡]garulous¡^¡C³o¨âºØ»y
¨¥ªí¹F¤D¥H»y¨¥¤§¯u²z¬°¥XµoÂI¡A¦]¦¹¦³¡u©Ó¿Õ¡v¡]
promise¡^¡A¤]´N¬O»¡¡A¥Øªº½×¤§°°¸Ë¡C±q¦è¤è§Î¤W¾Çªº
¶Ç²Î¨Ó¬Ý¡A¯u²z¤@ª½ºt²Ä¤@¨¤¦â¡A¥Í©R¥²¶·¬°¯u²zªA°È¡C
¦]¦¹¡A¯u²z¤@ª½¦b¥X³õ¡BÅã²{¡]presence¡^¡A¨ä¥Lª¾Ãѧ¡
³Q±Æ°£¡BÀ£§í¡C¦ý¬O³Å¬_ªº¡u¹Ï®ÑÀ]¡v·§©À¨ÃµLÀ£§í¤§¹B
§@¡A¨ä»y¨¥¤£Â_¥ÃµL¥ð¤îªº³Ð³y¦Û¤vªºªÅ¶¡¡]spaces¡^¥H
©µªø¦º¤`¡A¨ÃÅý§Ú̪ºµùÄÀ¼¤±æ±o¥H¤£Â_ªºÄ~Äò¤U¥h¡C´N
¬O¶Ç²Îªº¨å«ß¦Ó¨¥¡A§@ªÌªº¦W¿Ð¤@ª½¨É¦³¦Ü°ªµL¤WªºÅv«Â
¡CµM¦Ó¦b¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªºÀɮפ¤¡A¨å«ß«oµL·Nn«Ø¥ß¤@Ó¯«¸t®a
®x¡]holy family¡^©Î¤@¨t¦Cªº¤j±Ôz¡]grand narrativ-
es¡^¡C¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªº¨å«ß¬O¾a§Ú̦b¨CÓ¯S§Oªº¾ú¥vÂ_¼h¤¤©Ò
¹ê½î¥X¨Óªºª¾ÃѦӺc¦¨ªº¡C¤Z¬O¹ï§Ú̥ͩR¦³À°§Uªº§@«~
¡A¤Z¬Oª¾ÃÑ¥i¥H¹F¨ì¶}±Äªºµ{«×¡A§Ú̬ҥiÅn¬A¶i¨Ó¡C¦Ü
©ó§@ªÌªº¦W¿Ð¥u¥R·í¥\¯à¡]author-function¡^½}¤F¡C¥L
¬O¤å¥»ªº§@ªÌ¡A¤£¼v®g¥»·½¡]origin¡^¡B¥ýÅç¡]a priori
¡^¡B§@ªÌ·N¹Ï¡B°_·½¡]arche¡^©M¥Øªº¡]telos¡^µ¥¡C¤å¥»
¬O¤@ºØ®Ñ¼g¡]'ecriture¡^¡AŪªÌ¡B§åµû®a¥i¨Ì¤å¥»¤§¤¤
ªº½ÆÂø©Ê¤Î¾ú¥v©Ê§e²{·sªº¸àÄÀ¤è¦¡¡C´«¥y¸Ü»¡¡A³Å¬_ªº
¨å«ß·§©À¬O¶}©ñ©Êªº¡BÅv©y©Êªº¡A¦P®É¡A¥L¤]¤Ï¹ï¬f©Ô¹Ï
¡]plato¡^ªº°O¾Ð¡]memory¡^¡A¦]¬°°O¾Ð·N¿×µÛ¦P¤@©Êªº
½Æz¡C
¦Ü¥Ø«e¬°¤î¡A§Ṳ́w°Q½×¹L³Å¬_¹ïª¾ÃÑÅv¤O©M¨å«ßªº
Æ[©À¡C²{¦bÅý§Ú²³æªº»¡©ú¤TªÌ¤§¶¡ªºÃö«Y¡C
²Ä¤@¡Bª¾ÃÑ©M¨å«ß´N¹³¤GÓ¦P¤ß¶êªºÃö«Y¡C¶Ç²Î¨å«ß
ªº¥\¯à¬O¥R·í¯u²z¡þ¦A²{¡]truth/representation¡^ªº¥N
²z¤H¡B´cµ½»ùȧPÂ_ªº¼Ð·Ç¡B¹D¼w¡B±Ò»Xªº¤Ø«×¡C³Å¬_©Ò
´£Ä³ªº¨å«ß¬O§ó¶}©ñªº¡A¦s©ó¹Ï®ÑÀ]¤§¤¤¡A¬O¤@ºØn§ÚÌ
¤£Â_¦Ò¥jªºª¾ÃÑ¡C¦]¦¹¡A¨å«ß¤£¬O¬°¬YÓ¶¥¯ÅªA°È¡C¥¦À³
¨ã¦³¤å¤Æ©Êªº¡]cultural¡^¡A¤]´N¬O»¡¡A¦Ò¥j¾Çªº¤å¥»¥i
¥H¯A¤Î¨ì¤å¾Çªº¡Bõ¾Çªº¡B¬ì¾Çªº¡BÃ䶫©Ê¡]marginalty
¡^µ¥»â°ì¡C¤Z¬O·s¦Ò¥j¥X¨Óªºª¾ÃÑ¡A¥i¥HÀ°§U§Ú̳B²z°Ý
ÃD¡A§¡¥i¥H¥]¬A¦b¨å«ß¤¤¡A¦]¬°¨å«ß¨ã¦³½Õ¾ã©Ê¡A¥i²Å¦X
®É¥Nªº»Ý¨D¡C
²Ä¤G¡BÅv¤O¬O¤O¶q»P¤O¶qªºÃö«Y¡CÅv¤O¦³¤T¼h·N¸q¡G
(¤@)Åv¤O¤£§¹¥þ¬OÀ£§í©Êªº¡A¥¦¤]¦³³Ð³y©Êªº¡B¥Í²£©Êªº
¥\¯à¡C³Å¬_»¡¡G¡u¥¦¡]Åv¤O¡^¤]À³µø¬°¤@ºØ³Ð³y©Êªººô¸ô
¡A¬ï¹L¾ãÓªÀ·|²Õ´¡]social body¡^¡A¦Ó¤£¥u¬O¨ã¦³Âí
À£©Ê¥\¯àªº¤@ºØ§_©wªº¨Ò¤l¡C¡v¡]µù¤Q¤K¡^(¤G)¦bÂà¤Æ¦¨
¯S©wªº§Î¦¡¤§«e¡A¦p¶¥¯Å©Î°ê®a¡AÅv¤O´N¤w¸g¦b¹B§@¡C(¤T)
Åv¤O¬O¥H®ÄªG¡]effect¡^ªº§Î¦¡¥X²{¡A¨Ã¬ï¹L¨CÓ¬ÛÃöªº¤O
¶q¡A³oºØ®ÄªG´N¹³¬O¡u¼¤±æ¡v¤@¼Ë¡A©¼¦¹³sµ²©Î¤ÁÂ_¡C¨å«ß
©MÅv¤O¤GªÌ¤§¶¡ªºÃö«Y¬O¬Û»²¬Û¦¨¡G¨å«ßªº¾ã¦X»Ý¾aÅv¤O¨Ó
ºû«ù¡A¨Ã¹ê½î¨ä²z·Q¡CÅv¤O¦³¤F¨å«ß·í§@¨î«×¡A«hÅv¤Oªº¹B
¥Î´N§ó¥[éT¡C¦pªG§Ú̧â¨å«ßÂX¤j¡A¨Ãµø¨å«ß¬°ª¾ÃÑ®É
¡AÅv¤Oªº·§©À´N§ó©úÅã¡A¦]¬°Åv¤O©Mª¾ÃѧΦ¨¤¬¬Û°²³]¡]
pre-suppose¡^¡CÅv¤O¬O¤O¶qªº¾ã¦X¡A¨S¦³§Î¦¡¡]form¡^
¡CÅv¤O¶·¾aª¾ÃѨӪí¹F¡A§_«hÅv¤O´N·|¦]µLªk¥YÅã¦Û¤v¦Ó
¦Û°Ê®ø¥¢¡C¦P¼Ëªº¡Aª¾ÃѪ̵LÅv¤O¤ä«ù¡A´NµLªkÅܦ¨¨å«ß
¡A¨Ã¥i¯à²_¬°¤£¨£©Êªº¡]invisible¡^¡C
¡@
¡@
6. ±N¨å«ß¶¥¼h·§©À©Ù¥h(The Blurring of Canonical
Hierarchy)
¡@¡@John Guillory »{¬°¨å«ß§Î¦¨»P·NÃѧκA¦³Ãö¡C¦b²{
¥N¥D¸q®É´Á¡A¦ã²¤¯S(T.S.Eliot)»P¥¬¾|§J´µ (C.Brooks)
±N(normative)¼Ð·Ç»ùÈ»P¬ü¾Ç¦Aµn°O (reinscribe)¨ì²{
¥N¥D¸q¡A§@¤å¤Æºë^¥D¸q(cultural elitism) ©M°ò·þ±Ð
Åv«Â¥D¸q(Christian authoritarianism)ªº°ò¦¡C¦ã²¤¯Sªº¡u
¶Ç²Î»PÓ¤H¤~¨ã¡v(Tradition and the Individual Talent)
¨Æ¹ê¤W´N¬O¡u¥¿²Î©M¤å¾Çºë^¥÷¤l¡vªº°°¸Ë¡D¦b¦ã²¤¯Sªº
¤p¤ß²´ùØ¡A¥¦¥Nªí¡u¯u¨¥¡v(true opinion)©M¡u¥¿¹D¶Ç²Î
¡^(right tradition)¡C¦¹¥~¡A¦ã²¤¯SÁÙ±N¡u¶Ç²Î¡vµ¥¦P©ó
¡u¨å«ß¡v¡A±j½Õ¡u¤@P©Ê¡v¡B¡u¥¿²Î¡v¡B¡u´¶¹M©Ê¡v¡C¦b¦ã
²¤¯Sªºµû½×¤¤¡A§Ú̪¾¹D¥L¬OµLªk®e§Ô²§½è©Ê¡vªº¡u²§¤w
¤§µ¡v(other voices)¡C³o¤]Ãø©Ç¥ì®æ¹y(T.Eagleton)
n¼Æ¸¨¥L¤@½¡G¡u¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A¦ã²¤¯S©Ò°µªº¤@¤Á¤D¬O±Ä¥Î®ö
º©¥D¸q¡]¶H¼x¥D¸q¡^¡A¨ä¥Øªº¦b©ó±NÓ¤HªºÃÀ³N§@«~µø¬°
¬O¦³¾÷ªº¡AµL§Úªº¡B¦Û¥Dªº¡A¨Ã±N³oºØ±Ð±ø§ë®g¦Ü¤@ºØÅv
«Âªº¤å¤Æ·NÃÑ«¬ºA¡A(authorial cutural ideology)¡C¡v
¡]µù¤Q¤E¡^¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A¹L¤À±j½Õ¶Ç²Î¡AÓ¤H©Ê¥i¯à·|³QÄë©Ê¡C
¥H¤@¥N©v®vªº¨¥÷¨Ó½×z¡uÓ¤H¤~¨ã¡vÀ³»P¡u¶Ç²Î¡v°t¦X
¬O«D±`°ÊÅ¥¡A¦ý¬O¡A¸Õ°Ý¡u¶Ç²Î¡vªº¥]µö¡]¤O¶q¡^¬O¦p¦¹¤j¡A
¡uÓ¤H©Ê¡v¤S¦p¦ó¦b¶Ç²Î¤¤¥YÅã¨ä¡u¯S§O©Ê¡v¡H
¡@¡@¡u¨å«ß¡vªº°ÝÃD¬O·í¥Nªº°ÝÃD¡C¦b²{¥N¥D¸q®É´Á¡A³\¦h
§åµû®a¤@ª½¥´µÛ¤å¤Æ¤G¤¸½×ªº¤f¸¹¡AArdono¬O¨ä¤¤¤§¤@¡C
§@¬°²{¥N¥D¸qªºõ¾Ç®a¡Bµ¼Öµû½×®a¡B¤åµû®a¡Aªü¦h¿Õ
(T.Adorno) ¯S§O¬Ý¤£°_¤j²³¤å¤Æ¡A¥L»{¬°¤j®a¤å¤Æ¬O¤@ºØ
¡u°°Ó¤H©Ê¡v(pseudo-individuality)©M¡u¼Ð·Ç¤Æ¡v
(standardiztion)ªº²£«~¡]µù¤G¤Q¡^¡A¦P®É¡A¥LÃhºÃ¦pªG
°ª¯ÅÃÀ³N¨ü¨ì¤j²³ÃÀ³Nº¯³z¡A³o¼Ë·|¯}Ãa°ª¯ÅÃÀ³N¡C»¡¬ï
¤F¡Aªü¦h¿Õ(Adorno)¼ç¦sµÛ¬YºØªk¦è´µªºÃÀ³Nºë^¶É¦V¡C
¡@¡@¬ã¨s·í¥N¤j²³¤å¤Æ¾ÇªÌ´f´Ë(A.Huyssen)´N¤Ï¹ïArdo-
rno ªº½×ÂI¡A«ü¥X¤j²³¤å¤Æ¤@ª½³Q»{¬°¬O¡u¤k¤H¡v¡B¡u²{
¥N¥D¸qªº²§¤w¡v( modernism's other)¡A¦]¬°±q19¥@¬ö¥H
¨Ó¡A¤j²³¤å¤Æµ¹¤H¤@ºØÁp·Q¡A¥u¦³¦bÄݤwªº (authentic)¤å
¤Æ¤~¬O¨k¤Hªº¡C¥L¸É¥R»¡©ú¡G¤j²³¤å¤Æ¤§©Ò¥H³Q´y¼g»P¤k¤H©Ê
½è(feminity)¦³Ãö¡C¬O¤@ºØ¥H¯S®íªº©Ê§O¥~¥[ªº¡C³oºØÆ[©À
¤@ª½¦b²{¥N¥D¸q©M¤j®a¤å¤Æ¤§¶¡ªºÂE·¾¤¤¡A¾ú¥v¤Î×Ãã¾Ç³N»y
«D±`«nªº¡A¡]µù¤G¤@¡^´f®] (Huyssen)ªº¥Øªº´N¬On¥´¶}§Ú
̪ºµø³¥¡A¨Ã±N¨âªÌ¤§¶¡ÂE·¾©Ù¥h¡@(blur)¡C¦]¬°±N¤k¤H
±Æ°£ªº§@ªk¤wÄݹL¥h(a thing of past)¡A¦Ó¥B²{¦bªº²{¹ê¤]·~¤w
§ïÅܤF¡C¦¹¥~¡A¦ã§»¿Õºû»X¯÷(Stanley Aronowitz)©M¬ö¾|´µ
(Henry A.Giroux)¤]ªí¹F¬Û¦Pªº¬Ýªk¡G
¡@¡@¡@«á²{¥N±Ð¨|¬O¥Î¤j²³¤å¤Æ¨Ó¨ú¥N¶Ç²Îªº¡A°ª¯Å¤å¤Æ
ªºÃD¥Ø¡A¬Û¤Ïªº¡A¶Ç²Îªº½Òµ{¤@©wn²Å¦X¥H¾Ç¥Í¬°
¥Dªº¾Ç²ß¤§¹D¡C¨ä¤¤¡A¾A¤Á©Ê¤£¯à³Q¸Ñ¬° (coded)
¬°¤Ï¹ï¶Ç²Î¡A¦Ó¬O¤@ºØ¨M©wÅn¬A (inclusion)ªº¼Ð
·Ç¡C·í¦Ñ®vªº¥Øªº´N¬On»¡ªA¾Ç¥Í»¡¡A³o¨Çª¾ÃѬO
¥Î¨ÓÀ°§U¥L̾DzߥLÌ·Qª¾¹Dªº¡CµL½×¦p¦ó¡A¨å«ß
(canon)¤£À³³Q±Ð¦¨¬O¥Õ©úªº(self evident¡^ªº±Ò
»XÄ_®w¡C¦Ó¬O¦Ñ®v¦³¸q°È¹ªÀy¾Ç¥Í¥h½èºÃ¤å¾Ç§@«~
¤º©Ò¼ç¦bªº»ùÈ(values)©Î¬O¶Ç²Îªº¾ú¥v¡C¨ä¤¤¤j
³¡¥÷ªº¾ú¥v¤D¥u¬OP¤O©ó«P¦¨°¶¤H (Great Men)©Î
¬O¦b©ó¨å«ß¨Æ¥óªº±Ôz¤å (narrative of canoni-
cal events)¡C ¡]µù¤G¤G¡^
¡@
7.¨å«ß¤Ï¥ì}©¬´µ¤Æ¡G¦^Âk¹Ï®ÑÀ]
¡@¡@«áµ²ºc¥D¸q¨ª¦p¼w§Æ¹F¡B³Å¬_¡B¼w°Ç¯÷©M¥Ê¹F¨½µ¥¤H
´£¥X¥t¤@Ó¨¤«×¨ÓÀËÅç¶Ç²Îªº¨å«ß·§©À¡A§Y©Ò¿×ªº¥H²zÅé
¬°¤¤¤ßªº¤å¥» (logocentric texts)¡C¥LÌ«ä¦Ò«D«ä¦Ò¤§
¨Æ (to think the unthoght)¡F¥LÌ¥H¤£¦Pªº¤è¦¡¨Ó¾\Ū
¡A®Ñ¼g(to think otherwise, to write differently)
¡C¼w§Æ¹F¥Øªº¦b¸Ñºc¦è¤è¥H²z©Ê¬°¤¤¤ßªº§Î¤W¾Ç¶Ç²Î³Å¬_
À˵øª¾ÃÑ«¬¦b¨¥»¡¹ê½î¤¤¥X²{ªº±ø¥ó¡C¼w°Ç¯÷©M¥Ê¹F¨½¥Y
Å㼤±æ¤§¯S§O©Ê¡A±q¦Ó¤Ï¹ï¦A²{(representation)ªº»¡ªk
¡C§ÚÌ¥²¶·ª`·N¤@ÂI¡G¼w°Ç¯÷ªºµÛ§@¤¤¡A¥Lªº²ßºD§@ªk´N¬O
§l¨ú¶Ç²ÎªººëµØ¡A±N©Ò¾Ç¨å«ß¤¤¹ï¤µ¤H¦³¯q¤§·§©À¡A¦p®É¶¡
¼¤±æ¡Bªí¹Fµ¥·§©Àµo´§¦Ü²OºvºÉPªº¦a¨B¡AµL½×¬O¼w§Æ¹F
¡B³Å¬_¡B¼w°Ç¯÷©M¥Ê¹F¨½µ¥¤H¡A®ø¸Ñ°Ï§O(dedifferentiation
) ¤@ª½¬O¥L̲z½×ªº«ÂI¡A±j½Õ¤å¥»¡B¤åÃþ¡B±ý±æ ¤§¥Øªº
¤D¬O°l¨D¦Û¥Ñ¡C±q¦è¤è¥H²zÅ鬰¤¤¤ßªº¶Ç²Î¨Ó¬Ý¡A¡u¤G¤À
ªk¡vªº«äºû¼Ò¦¡¬O¤@ºØ¼Éh¶¥¼h¡C¨k¤H¡þ¤k¤H¡A¥D¤H¡þ¥£
Áõ¡AÀu¡þ¦H¡A¤÷¿Ë¡þ¨à¤l¡A¥D°Ê¡þ³Q°Êµ¥¤G¤¸¹ï¥ßªº¤O¶q
¤w¤£¦A¬Oµ´¹ïªº¤O¶q¡A¦Ó¬OÀH®É¥i¯à³Q¹°¶V (transgression)
¡A¦Ó¥B¡A³o¨Ç¤O¶qÁÙÁôÂõ۶¥¯Å¡BºØ±Ú¡B©Ê§Oµ¥¬Fªv
¼ç·NÃÑ (politcal unconscious)§Üª§¡C±q³oÓÆ[ÂI¨Ó¬Ý
¡A¤å¾Ç¬ã¨s©Î¬O¨å«ß¬ã¨s¤£À³¥u¦Ò¼{¯Â¬ü¾Çªº»ùȦӤw¡A
¤]À³¦Ò¼{¤å¤Æªº¼h±¡A¦p¤H¤å¡B¬Fªv¡B¸gÀÙ¡B¤ß²zµ¥¦]¯À
¡C
¡@¡@·§¬A¨Ó»¡¡A§ÚÌ°Q½×¨å«ß¤§·§©À¡A¦Ü¤Ö¦³¤TºØºA«×¡A
¤@¡B¹ï¨å«ß±Ä¨ú«O¦uªººA«×¡A¦pCharles Altieri¡C¤G¡B¨å
«ß¤£¯à³B²z¤µ¤Hªº°ÝÃD¡A¦]¦¹¶·n±Ä¨ú¶}©ñªº§ï²¡A¤]´N
¬On§â¨å«ß¶}©ñ (open up)¡AÅý¨å«ß©M«D¨å«ß§@«~¡B¥Dn
»P«D¥Dn§@«~¯à¦³¤¬°Êªº¡B¤¬¸Éªº¦Ó¤£¬O¤¬¬ÛÀ£§íªºÃö«Y
¡C¤T¥ø¹Ï¥t¥ß¤@ºØ·sªº¨å«ß¥H¨ú¥Nªº¨å«ß¡A¦p¤k©Ê¥D¸q
¡]µù¤G¤T¡^©Î¬O¥T¬d(Louis A.Renza)¡C¡]µù¤G¥|¡^
¡@¡@§Ú̦b¤Ï¬Ù¨å«ß¤§®É¡AµL½×¬O°ò·þ±Ð¹ï¨å«ßªº·§©À¡A
©Î¬O²{¥N¥D¸qªÌ¹ï¨å«ßªº·§©À§¡µLªk³B²z¨å«ßªº°ÝÃD¡A¦]
¬°¨å«ß¤£§@±Ò»Xªº¥Î³~¡A¤£¥R·í¤u¨ã²z©Ê¡A¤£¬O¤Ñ¥Í¤Ñ¦¨
¡A¨ã¥ýÅ窺»ùÈ¡A¤]¤£¬O¦Û©úªº(self-evident)¡B¦Ûµoªº
(automonous)¡BÅv«Âªº(authorative)¡C¬Û¤Ïªº¡A¨å«ß¬O¤@
ºØ¶Ç²Î¡A¬OÀx¦s¥j¤H´¼¼zªº³õ©Ò¡C¤µ¤H¡A§Ú̾\Ū¨å«ß¡B
«D¨å«ßªº§@«~¬OnÀ°§U¤µ¤H³B²z²{¦b§ÚÌ©Ò±Á{ªº°ÝÃD¡C
¦pªG§Ú̧â¨å«ß¥´¯}¡A¨º»ò§ÚÌ®³¤°»ò¨Ó¶ñ¥R³Q§ÚÌ¥´¯}
ªºªÅ¶¡¡H¸û¨Îªº¸ÑÄÀ¡G§Ú̥ζDzΨÓÀ°§U¶EÂ_§Ú̪ºªÀ·|
¡A³B²z§Ú̪º°ÝÃD¡A¤]´N¬O»¡¡A®³¥j¤Hªº´¼¼z¨Ó·Ó«G¤µ¤H
ªº¥Í©R¡C
¡@¡@¦b¤Ï¬Ù¨å«ß®É¡A§Ṳ́]À³ª`·N¨ì¡Aª¾ÃѤD¬O³Ì«á·|³Q
¤å¦r¼g¶i¹Ï®ÑÀ]¡C¨å«ß¥u¬O¦UºØ¤£¦Pª¾ÃÑ©Ò¿ï¾Ü(select-
ive)¥X¨Óªº¡C¦]¦¹¡A¹L¤À±j½Õ¨å«ß§@«~©Î«D¨å«ß§@«~¤´µM
µLªk¸Ñ¨M°ÝÃD¡A¦Ó¥B³o¼Ë°µ¤]·|¨Ï¤HÅܦ¨°¾°õ¨g(parano-
id )¡C§Ú»{¬°³Å¬_±N¨å«ß¸ÑÄÀ¬°¹Ï®ÑÀ]¸û«ê·í¡C¦b¹Ï®ÑÀ]
¤º¥i®e³\¦hµ¨Ã¦s (heteroglossia)¡A¬O¹ï¸Ü©Êªº¡A¤¬°Ê
©Êªº¦Ó¤£¬OÀ£¨î©Êªº¡CÂk¼Ö§Q (John Guillory)»¡¡G¡u¨å
«ßªº°ÝÃD¬O¦Ñ®v±Ð¾Ç¤jºõ©Î¾Ç®Õ½Òµ{ªíªº°ÝÃD¡A¸g¥Ñ¨î«×
ªº§Î¦¡¡A§@«~¥i±N«O¦s¬°°¶¤jªº§@«~¡A§ÚÌ¥i±N¾Ç®Õªº¨î
«×©Ê¥\¯à»P¹Ï®ÑÀ]¬Û¹ï·Ó¡A«Ü²z·Q¦a¡A¨C¤@³¡§@«~³£±o¥H
«O¦s¦b¹Ï®ÑÀ]¡A¦Ó¥B¡A³oÓ«O¦s¨t²Î¨Ã¤£°Ï§O¦n§@«~©ÎÃa
§@«~¡]¨Î§@©Î¦H§@¡^¡C¡v¡]µù¤G¤ ¡^¨ä¹ê¥unª¾ÃѨì¹F¥i
¨£©Ê©M¥i³¯z©Êªºµ{«×¡A§ÚÌ´N¥i¥H²`´y¨Ã«õ±¸¨ä·N¸q¡A
¦Ó§Ú̦b³B²z¨å«ß®É¡A«nªº¬O§Ú̦p¦ó«ä¦Ò«D«ä¦Ò¤§ª«¡A
¦p¦ó¼gªº»P²³¤£¦P¡A¦Ó¤£¬O¥H¨ú¥Nªº«äºû¼Ò¦¡¨Ó¶i¦æ¡C
¡@
¡@
¡mµùÄÀ¡n
µù¤@¡BEdward Said, "Narrative, Geography and Interpreta-
tion" New Left Review 180 (1990), 83.
µù¤G¡BMichel Foucault, "The Discourse on Language" ¦¬¿ý¦b
The Archaeology of Knowledge (New York: Pantheon
Books, 1972), 216.
µù¤T¡BŪªÌ¥i°Ñ¦Ò ¡mSalmalgundi¡n¦b1986¦~¨å«ß±M¶°¡A¡m§åµû
©u¥Z¡n¦b1983¦~¦³¥X¨å«ß±M¶°, «áRobert von Hallberg
½s¦¨ Canons (Chicago: Chicago UP, 1984). ¡m«n¤j¦è¬v
©u¥Z¡n©ó1990¥V©u¸¹¤]¥tÅP±M¥Z°Q½×¨å«ß¡C
µù¥|¡BLilian Robinson, "Treason Our Text: Feminist
Challenges to the Literature," ¦¬¿ý©ó Feminist
Criticism: Essays on Women, Literature, Theory (New
York: Pantheon Books, 1985).
µù¤¡BLeslie A. Fiedler ©M Houston A. Baker ¦X½s English
Literature: Opening Up the Canon. ¦¹¥~¡AJohn Guillory
¸É¥R»¡¡A³oºØ¥´¶}¨å«ß¬O¤@¥ó¦n¨Æ¡A¦ý¬O¥¦¤]¥]¬A¡u¦h¼Ë©Ê¡A
¦³½Ä¬ð©Êªº¨å«ß¡v¡C
µù¤»¡BHenry Louis Gates ªº "The Master's Pieces: On Canon
Formation and the African-American Tradition," ¶101.
µù¤C¡BFedric Jameson, "Third World Literature in the Era of
Multinational Capitalism," Social Text 15 (1986) 65.
µù¤K¡B¨Æ¹ê¤W¡AFiedler ©M Baker ©Ò½s¤§ English Literature:
Opening Up the Canon ¤@®Ñªº©v¦®¬O¥H^¤å®Ñ¼g¤§¤å¾Ç¬°¥D¡A
¨ä¤¤¥]¬A¥[°Ç¤ñ®ü¤å¾Ç¡B¬ü°ê¦è«n³¡¦L²Ä¦w¤å¾Çµ¥¬Ò¬O¡C
µù¤E¡BHazard Adams, "Canons: Literary Criteria/Power Criteria,"
Critical Inquiry 14.4 (1988) 748-64.
µù¤Q¡BLouis Althusser, Lenin and Philosophy, trans. Ben
Brewster (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1971) 171.
µù¤Q¤@¡BFrank Kermode, "Institutional Control of Interpreta-
tion," Salmagundi 43 (1979) 72.
µù¤Q¤G¡BMichel Foucault, "The Discourse on Language." ¤U±¤À
ªR¨£ 216-237 ¶¡C
µù¤Q¤T¡B³o¸Ì§Ú±Ä¥Î¼w°Ç¯÷ªº»¡ªk¡C¨£Deleuze, Foucault
(Minneapolis: Minnesota UP) 47-69.
µù¤Q¥|¡BMichel Foucault, The Archaeology of Knowledge, ¶159-160.
µù¤Q¤¡BDeleuze ©M Quattari ¦XµÛ¤§¡m¤Ï¥ì}©¬´µ¡n¡C
µù¤Q¤»¡BFedric Jameson, The Political Unconscious: Narrative as a
Socially Symbolic Act (Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1981) 23-29.
µù¤Q¤C¡BMichel Foucault, Language, Counter-Memory, Practice,
trans. Donald F. Bouchard (Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1977) 67.
µù¤Q¤K¡BMichel Foucault, Power/Knowledge, ed. Colin Gordon (New
York: Pantheon Books, 1972) 119.
µù¤Q¤E¡BTerry Eagleton, Criticism and Ideology: Marxist Literary
Criticism (London: Verson, 1976) 147.
µù¤G¤Q¡BMax Horkheimer ©M Theodore W. Adorno ¦XµÛ¤§ Dialectic of
Enlightment, ¶154-55¡C¥t¥~¥i°Ñ¨£J.M. Bernstein ©Ò½s¤§
The Culture Industry, ¶85-92.
µù¤G¤@¡BAndreas Huyssen, After the Great Divide: Modernism, Mass
Culture, Postmodernism (Bloomington: Indian UP, 1986) 47.
µù¤G¤G¡BStanley Aronowitz ©M Henry A. Giroux, The Postmodern
Education (Minneaplis: Minnesota P, 1991) 15-16.
µù¤G¤T¡B¨Ò¦p, Elaine Showalter ©Ò¼g¤§ A Literature of Their Own,
"Criticism in the Wilderness" µ¥¡CEllen G. Friedman ¤]¦³
¦P¼Ëªº¬Ýªk¡A¥L»{¬°Woolf, Richarson, Rhys, Figesµ¥¤k©Ê
§@®a¥H¤Ï¨k©Ê¨F¤å¶Ç²Î¥Xµo¡A¥H¡u§¹¥þ¬O¥t¤@ºØ¨¥»¡¡v¨Ó½èºÃ
¡@¡@¡@¡@¤j¶Ç²Î(The Great Tradition)¡FŪªÌ¥ç°Ñ¦ÒMarianne Whelchel,
"Transforming the Canon with Nontraditional Literature
by Women," College English 46.6 (1984) 587-97. Toni
Morrison ¦b "Unspeakable Things Unspoken,"( ¦¬¿ý©óToni
Morrison, ed. Harold Bloom)¡A¦o ¤Ï¹ïºØ±Úª[µø¡A¼Ú¬w¤¤¤ß
¥D¸q¡A¹ï¨å«ß¦³¸û§é°Jªº¬Ýªk¡C¥t¥~¡AŪªÌ¥ç¥i°Ñ¦ÒLinda
Singer ªº "Defusing the Canon" ¦¬¿ý©ó The Questions of
the Other (The State U of NY P)¡C
µù¤G¥|¡B¥T¬dªº¥ß³õ¬OÃÙ¦P«D¥D¬y¤å¾Ç(minor literature)À³¿W¾ð¤@®æ¡C¨£
Louis A. Renza, "A White Heron" and The Question of Minor
Literature (Wisconsin: U of Wisconsin P, 1984)¡C¥t¥~¥i°Ñ¨£
¨ä "Exploding Canons," Contemporary Literature 28.2 (1987)
257-70.
µù¤G¤¡BJohn Guillory, "Canon," ¦¬¿ý©ó Critical Terms for Literary
Study, eds. Frank Lantricchia ©M Thomas McLaughlin (Chicago:
U of Chicago P, 1990) 240.