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Classicism vs Romanticism: A Comparative Table

　

		Classicism		Romanticism
		Apollinian		Dionysian
		Greco-Roman Classicism, Renaissance, French Baroque, Neo-Classicism, Realism, Impressionism (Surat: pointillism, Cezanne), Symbolism, Cubism, Abstractism,		Gothic art, Mannerism, Rococo, Romanticism, Expressionism, Fauvism
Movement		Humanist learning, (人文主義) Enlightenment (啟蒙運動)		Religious passion, Skepticism, Storm and Stress (狂飆運動), American Independence, French Revolution, Napoleon, Industrialization
Philosophy		1. Descartes: rationalism 2. Diderot: encyclopedia		Kant: transcendental, "disinterested" Hegel: dialectic, development of Spirit 3. Schopenhauer: Will to power, pessimism 4. Marx & Engles: communism 5. Darwin: selection of the fittest
Mode		*Theory of mimesis* (imitation): art as representation of the world** emphasis on form, frame, and rules "decorum" "unity		Theory of expression: art as expression of personal thought and feeling Emphasis on spontaneity and imagination, "genius," "organism"
Man in Society		Analysis of Society: rational being: Golden Mean (Greek) “T think, therefore I am..”(Descartes) “Renaissance Man” The great chain of Being (Pope)		Self-Analysis, personal interpretation of the world : the cult of the "Noble Savage" melancholy, sentimental, self-pity Music: Berlioz, Fantastic Symphony, Beethoven: Sym, No. 5 Poetry: Wordsworthh, Keats, Shelley, Blake Whitman's Poetry: Song of Myself Gothe's Faust, Part I, & II
*Artistic expression*	Preference to the universal, rational: balance, proportion, symmetry, harmony 　 Classic Music (古典樂派): sonata form Hyden, Mozart, early Beethoven:		Love of the Fantastic and Exotic: Romantic Music (浪漫樂派) Late Beethoven, Berlioz, Mendelssohn, Chopin, Schumann, Liszt, Verdi, Warner, Brahms/ Music: Paganini's violin , Liszt's piano Painting: Delacroix's exotic paintings, Goya's fantastic paintings and prints * Grotesque: Goya, Blake, Fuseli * caricature: Hargarth, Goya, Daumier Fiction: Poe's stories, E, Bronte's Wuthering Heights
Nature	Nature is debased Nature as resource, decoration, property, and stage		Interest in Nature: Music: Beethoven, Pastoral Symphony, Mendelssohn, Fingal Cave Landscape Painting: Constable, Tuner, Frederick * Picturesque * The Sublime Poetry: Wordsworth, Keats, Shelley Prose: Emerson's "Transcendentalism"
Political Position	Conservative David Hyden, Mozart		Nationalism and Political commitment Music: Beethoven, Sym. No. 3, Heroic, Verdi's operas , Smetana, My Fatherland Painting: Goya, Execution of the Madrilenos, David's historical paintings Poetry: Byron
Female stereotypes	Ingres, Jupiter and Thetis [15.17], La Comtesse d'Haussonville [15.18]		Erotic Love and the Eternal Feminine Gothe, Faust, Part II Wagner, The Ring of Niblung Girodet-Trioson, The Entombment of Atala [15.13] Delacroix, The Death of Sardanapalus [15.16]